How Bureaucracy Can Blow the Budget in Infrastructure Spending: The Case of the HS2 Railway Project

Infrastructure projects are vital for economic growth, urban development, and improved connectivity. However, these projects often suffer from budget overruns, delays, and inefficiencies. A significant contributor to these issues is bureaucratic complexity. The HS2 (High Speed 2) railway project in the United Kingdom is a cautionary tale of how bureaucracy can inflate costs and derail timelines. The Scale of HS2 HS2 was conceived as a high-speed railway linking London with major Midlands and Northern England cities. It was touted as a transformative project to bridge economic disparities and modernize the UK's transport network. However, the project's budget has ballooned from an initial estimate of £32 billion to over £100 billion. Bureaucratic Overreach and Endless Negotiations One primary factor behind the escalating costs of HS2 has been the extensive bureaucratic layers involved in its planning and execution. The project has required negotiations across multiple government...